PEPTIDE_CODEX

← All peptides

PC-023 · longevity · ss-31

SS-31

Elamipretide

Also: Bendavia · MTP-131

D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2

human trialanimal study

A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that concentrates 1000-5000x in mitochondria. SS-31 stabilises cardiolipin, a critical phospholipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane, restoring electron transport chain function. Currently in clinical trials for heart failure and mitochondrial diseases.

Selectively binds to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilising cytochrome c interactions and optimising electron transport chain efficiency. Reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at the source rather than scavenging them after formation.

  • Mitochondrial support
  • Heart failure
  • Aging/cellular energy
  • Exercise recovery
  • Kidney protection
  • · Injection site reactions
  • · Headache
  • · Mild GI symptoms

Mechanism of Action

Selectively binds to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilising cytochrome c interactions and optimising electron transport chain efficiency. Reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at the source rather than scavenging them after formation.

Common Uses

Mitochondrial supportHeart failureAging/cellular energyExercise recoveryKidney protection

Dosage & Pharmacology

DOSAGE RANGE: 0.5-5 mg daily (subcutaneous) — clinical trial doses: 4 mg IV
HALF-LIFE: ~4 hours
MOL. WEIGHT: 640.79 Da
SEQUENCE:
D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2
Dosage information is for research reference only. Not a recommendation.

Known Side Effects

  • Injection site reactions
  • Headache
  • Mild GI symptoms

Legal Status

US:Not FDA-approved (Phase 3 clinical trials — Stealth BioTherapeutics)
UK:Not approved
EU:Not approved (clinical trials ongoing)
AU:Not approved

Related Peptides

View all SS-31 research on PubMed